La ricerca scientifica sugli effetti e sui meccanismi dell’agopuntura per le malattie gastrointestinali, tra cui le malattie infiammatorie intestinali, è cresciuta rapidamente negli ultimi decenni. In questa revisione, discutiamo la storia, la teoria e la metodologia dell’agopuntura ed esaminiamo i potenziali meccanismi d’azione dell’agopuntura per la gestione delle malattie infiammatorie intestinali. Nelle malattie infiammatorie intestinali è stato dimostrato che l’agopuntura riduce l’attività della malattia e l’infiammazione tramite l’aumento dell’attività vagale. Ha mostrato un ruolo benefico nella regolazione: della disbiosi intestinale, della funzione di barriera intestinale, dell’ipersensibilità viscerale, della disfunzione motoria intestinale, della depressione/ansia e del dolore, tutti fattori che possono avere un impatto significativo sulla qualità della vita nei pazienti con malattie infiammatorie intestinali. Sono stati condotti numerosi studi clinici per indagare gli effetti terapeutici dell’agopuntura nella colite ulcerosa e nel morbo di Crohn. Sebbene i dati di questi studi siano promettenti, a causa degli aspetti eterogenei e multifattoriali delle malattie infiammatorie intestinali sono necessari altri studi. C’è anche un’importante necessità di standardizzare la metodologia dell’agopuntura, i progetti di studio e le misurazioni dei risultati.
NdT, nella revisione sono raccolti i principali agopunti utilizzati, rappresentati in figura

Acupoints With Corresponding Anatomical Locations and Gastrointestinal Effects25, 26, 42
| Acupoint | Location | GI Symptoms Reported to Treat |
|---|---|---|
| LI4 (Hegu) | Webbing between the index finger and the thumb | Diarrhea, constipation, and abdominal pain |
| LI11 (Quchi) | Lateral end of the transverse cubital crease midway between LU5 and the lateral epicondyle of the humerus | Diarrhea, constipation, and abdominal pain |
| ST36 (Zusnali) | 1 finger lateral of the tibia, 3 cm below the lower patella | Enteritis, abdominal pain, nausea, gas, and bloating |
| ST37 (Shangjuxu) | 6 cm below lower board patella, 1 finger-width lateral from the anterior border of the tibia | Diarrhea, dysentery, borborygmus, abdominal pain, bloating, distention, constipation |
| ST39 (Xiajuxu) | 3 cm inferior to Shangjuxu ST-37, 1 finger-breadth lateral to the anterior crest of the tibia | Lower abdominal pain, diarrhea |
| ST21 (liangmen) | 4 cm above the belly button, 2 cm lateral to the median line | Diarrhea, pain, and burning in the stomach |
| ST25 (Tianshu) | 2 cm lateral to the belly button | Gas, distention and abdominal pain, constipation |
| BL20 (Pishu) | 1.5 cm lateral to GV6, level with T11 | Poor appetite, tiredness |
| BL21 (Weishu) | 1.5 cm lateral to GV line, level with T12 | Reflux, dampness, phlegm, heartburn, stomach pain, fullness |
| BL25 (Dachangshu) | 1.5 cm lateral to GV3, level with L4 | Borborygmus, gas, diarrhea, blood in feces, constipation |
| BL27 (Xiaochangshu) | 1.5 cm lateral to GV line, level with 1st PSF | Diarrhea, blood in stool, constipation, gas |
| BL18 (Ganshu) | 1.5 cm lateral GV8, level with T9 | Abdominal distension and pain |
| BL23 (Shenshu) | 1.5 cm lateral GV4, level with L2 | Diarrhea |
| BL60 (Kunlun) | In a depression between the tip of the external malleolus and the Achilles tendon | Abdominal pain, constipation |
| PC6 (Neiguan) | 2 cm above the wrist crease between the tendons of palmaris longus and flexor carpi radialis | Stomach ache, reflux, nausea, hiccup, vomiting, anxiety |
| CV12 (Zhongwan) | 4 cm above the belly button, at the midline of the body | Nausea, heartburn, abdominal pain |
| CV4 (Guanyuan) | 2 cm above pubic symphysis | Fullness, diarrhea |
| GV4 (Mingmen) | Below L2 | Hemorrhoids, blood in the stool |
| GV20 (Baihui) | Meeting point of the midline and the top of the ears | Hemorrhoids |
| GV26 (Renzhong) | In the first third of the distance between the nose and the upper lip | Loss of smell |
| SP6 (Sanyingjiao) | 3 cm directly above the tip of the medial malleolus on the posterior border of the tibia | Colitis, abdominal distension, and flatulence |
| SP4 (Gongsun) | In a depression distal and inferior to the base of the 1st metatarsal bone at the junction of the red and white skin | Fullness, epigastric distension, abdominal or chest pain |
| SP9 (Yinlingquan) | Lower border of the medial condyle of the tibia in the depression posterior and inferior to the medial condyle of the tibia | Abdominal distension and pain, poor appetite |
| SP14 (Fujie) | 4 cm lateral to the midline, 1.3 cm below the navel | Abdominal pain |
| SP15 (Daheng) | 4 cm lateral to the navel | Chronic diarrhea, mucus in the stool, constipation |
| LV3 (Tai chong) | Dorsum of the foot in a depression distal to the junction of the 1st and 2nd metatarsal bones | Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain |
| TB5 (Waiguan) | 3-cm width above the wrist crease, on the outer side of the hand | Nausea and vomiting |
Abbreviations: BL, bladder meridian; CV, conception vessel; GV, governor vessel; LI, large intestine meridian; LV, liver meridian; PC, pericardial meridian; SP, spleen meridian; ST, stomach meridian; TB, 3-burner meridian.
Alessandra Poini
Gengqing Song, Claudio Fiocchi, Jean-Paul Achkar, Acupuncture in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Volume 25, Issue 7, July 2019, Pages 1129–1139, https://doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izy371